Protectionism Is Socialism and Socialism Is Any Device or Doctrine Whose Aim Is to save Individuals from the Difficulties of Existence and the Competition of Life by the Intervention of "the State"

To simply give protectionism a bad name would be to accomplish very little. When I say that protectionism is socialism I mean to classify it and bring it not only under the proper heading but into relation with its true affinities. Socialism is any device or doctrine whose aim is to save individuals from any of the difficulties or hardships of the struggle for existence and the competition of life by the intervention of "the State." Inasmuch as "the State" never is or can be any thing but some other people, socialism is a device for making some people fight the struggle for existence for others. The devices always have a doctrine behind them which aims to show why this ought to be done.

--William Graham Sumner, Protectionism: The -Ism Which Teaches That Waste Makes Wealth (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1888), 111-112.